Leia o texto a seguir e responda ao que se pede:

Australia's Tasmania may raise smoking age to 25

The Australian state of Tasmania is considering raising the legal age for buying cigarettes to at least 21 and potentially as high as 25. If the plan goes ahead it will give Tasmania some of the toughest tobacco laws in the world. The current legal age to purchase, possess or smoke cigarettes in all Australian states is 18. Critics have complained the proposed restrictions would be a violation of civil liberties. Australia already has some of the world's toughest anti-smoking policies. The country is also one of the most expensive places in the world to buy cigarettes - from around A$20 a pack ($15; £10).

Disponível em: . Acesso em: 21 dez. 2015.

A fim de combater o fumo, o estado australiano da Tasmânia discute:

A semântica é um campo da linguística que possibilita a compreensão do significado das palavras. Para o estudante de Letras e futuro professor, esse conhecimento é valioso, pois permite fazer escolhas comunicativas adequadas e variadas.

Por exemplo, quando se fala em “materials”, pode-se relacionar a esse campo semântico palavras como “stone” (pedra) e “clay” (argila). Assim, da relação a seguir, a palavra que pode ser associada ao mesmo campo semântico é:

O diabetes é um dos problemas de saúde mais recorrentes no mundo. Os hábitos alimentares são determinantes na prevenção e no controle da doença, conforme pode ser lido no texto a seguir:

Diabetes warning over soft drinks

People should consume fewer sugar-sweetened soft drinks, say European scientists

Drinking one or more cans of sugary soft drinks a day is linked to an increased risk of diabetes in later life, a study suggests. A diabetes charity recommends limiting sugary foods and drinks as they are calorific and can cause weight gain.

Disponível em: . Acesso em: 26 ago. 2015.

Com base no texto anterior, é possível afirmar que o(a):

Nos fragmentos de 1 a 5, observe os termos destacados em negrito. Na sequência, associe-os aos mecanismos de coesão a que correspondem:

1) A passenger told police that the bus had been experiencing brake problems. The coach was full of passengers and travelling north from Kumasi.

 Texto adaptado.Disponível em: Acesso em: 18 fev. 2016.

2) Expressionism, fauvism and early abstraction were influenced by Van Gogh’s style. Besides that, his influence can be seen in many other aspects of 20th-century art.

Read an article’s excerpt written by Pastor Ray McCauley about racism in South Africa:

To the extent that racism can be placed within the realm of right and wrong and involves how one person treats another, one can argue that it is a moral issue. Of course, there are those who would argue that racism is fundamentally political and is a means for a dominant group to maintain its economic and social power. Both perspectives are correct and should not be regarded as mutually exclusive.

Human agency and attitudes play a role in shaping social reality and therefore promoting or discouraging racism. This, to me, is the area where we can all play a part both as individual citizens and as organisations.

We have come a long way as a country and if we unite and stand together and deal with racism wherever and whenever it raises its ugly head, I believe we can defeat it.

Texto adaptado. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 15 fev. 2016.

According to the previous text, the author's point of view is that racism:

Leia o texto a seguir sobre o papel das áreas de reflorestamento no combate ao aquecimento global.

A group of international scientists revealed that Brazil's forests and the forests of other tropical countries in the Americas are much more durable than those with chainsaws ever dreamed.

In areas abandoned from deforestation and agricultural use, the forest usually bounces back with a vengeance, sucking CO2 (the main gas responsible for global warming) at a rate 11 times greater than that of a forest that hasn't been torn down.

To help in the efforts against climate change, a simple and cheap approach would be to allow the forests to regenerate naturally in degraded areas – and, of course, avoiding further deforestation.

After 20 years of growth, on average, the secondary forests (those that regenerate after deforestation) already achieved the high rates of carbonic gas absorption – 3 tons of carbon per hectare per year.

“Up to now, those forests were kind of orphan, we lived a radical dichotomy between supposed virgin forests and degraded areas. Our work shows that we need to look at this issue more broadly”, says Pedro Brancalion, a University of São Paulo researcher who also backs the study.

Texto adaptado. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 15 fev. 2016.

Com base no texto anterior, avalie as asserções a seguir e a relação proposta entre elas:

I. The secondary forests absorb great amounts of CO2

                                because

II. they become more resistant to the toxic effects of that gas.

Acerca dessas duas asserções, assinale a opção correta:

A seguir, leia um texto sobre a relação entre o sono e a imunidade de nosso organismo:

Leia o texto a seguir sobre como dormir melhor e responda ao que se pede em seguida.

Writing a To-Do List Before Bed Could Help You Sleep

A new bedtime to-do list, courtesy of sleep researchers at Baylor University:

     1. Write a to-do list before bed.

     2. Go to sleep.

     3. Sleep better than all the non-list-writing people you meet tomorrow.

It sounds simple, but there's evidence that it just might work. According to a small study published in the January issue of Journal of Experimental Psychology, 57 men and women aged 18-30 spent one weeknight in a controlled sleep laboratory and took 5 minutes to write out a to-do list before bedtime.

The key, according to researchers, is in mentally "offloading" responsibilities before bedtime, theoretically freeing the mind for a good night's sleep. Researchers measured each participant's brain activity overnight using a technique called polysomnography, which records eye movement, muscle activity and other biological changes. The researchers found that the participants who wrote to-do lists fell asleep an average of 9 minutes faster than those who wrote about already-accomplished tasks.

Lead author Michael Scullin, director of Baylor's Sleep Neuroscience and Cognition Laboratory, said that "most people just cycle through their to-do lists in their heads, so we wanted to explore whether the act of writing the lists down could counteract nighttime difficulties with falling asleep."

Texto adaptado. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 6 fev. 2018.

A ideia central desse texto é que:

Leia o poema "Africa do francês de origem africana, David Diop (1927-1960):

Africa, my Africa
Africa of proud warriors in ancestral savannahs....
Is this you, this back that is bent
This back that breaks under the weight of humiliation
This back trembling with red scars
And saying yes to the whip under the midday sun.....
That is Africa your Africa
That grows again patiently obstinately
And its fruit gradually acquires
The bitter taste of liberty.

Disponível em: . Acesso em: 22 dez. 2015.

Por meio de seu texto, o poeta expressa a consciência de que o(a):

Leia o seguinte provérbio inglês: "a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush".

Agora, marque a alternativa que contém seu significado: